Various Methods of Data Collection

Professionals in all the business industries widely use research, whether it is education, medical, or manufacturing, etc. In order to perform a thorough research, you need to follow few suitable steps regarding data collection. Data collection services play an important role in performing research. Here data is gathered with appropriate medium.

Types of Data

Research could be divided in two basic techniques of collecting data, namely: Qualitative collection of data and quantitative collection. Qualitative data is descriptive in nature and it does not include statistics or numbers. Quantitative data is numerical and includes a lot of figures and numbers. They are classified depending on the methods of its collection and its characteristics. Data collected primarily by the researcher without depending on pre-researched data is called primary data. Interviews as well as questionnaires are generally found primary data/information collection techniques. Data collected from other means, other than by the researcher is secondary data. Company surveys and government census are examples of secondary collection of information.

Let us understand in detail the methods of qualitative data collection techniques in research.

Internet Data: Here there is a huge collection of data where one gets a huge amount of information for research. Researchers remember that they depend on reliable sources on the web for precise information.
Books and Guides: This traditional technique is authentically used in today's research.

Observational data: Data is gathered using observational skills. Here the data is collected by visiting the place and noting down details of all that the researcher observes which is needed for essential for his research.

Personal Interviews: Increases authenticity of data as it helps to collect first hand information. It does not serve fruitful when a big number of people are to be interviewed.

Questionnaires: Serves best when questioning a particular class. A questionnaire is prepared by the researcher as per the need of data-collection and forwarded to responders.

Group Discussions: A technique of collecting data where the researcher notes down details of what people in a group has to think. He comes to a conclusion depending on the group discussion that involves debate on topics of research.

Use of experiments: To obtain the complete understanding researchers conduct real experiments in the field used mainly in manufacturing and science. It is used to obtain an in-depth understanding of the researching subject.

Data collection services use many techniques including the above mentioned for collection. These techniques are helpful to the researcher in drawing conceptual and statistical conclusions. In order to obtain precise data researchers combine two or more of the data collection techniques.


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Data Collection - Make a Plan

Planning for the data collection activity provides a stable and reliable data collection process in the Measure phase.

A well-planned activity ensures that your efforts and costs will not be in vain. Data collection typically involves three phases: pre-collection, collection and post-collection.

Pre-collection activities: Goal setting and forming operational definitions are some of the pre-collection activities that form the basis for systematic and precise data collection.

1.  Setting goals and objectives: Goal setting and defining objectives is the most important part of the pre-collection phase.

It enables teams to give direction to the data to be collected. The plan includes description of the Six Sigma project being planned. It lists out specific data that is required for the further steps in the process.

If there are no specific details as to the data needs, the data collection activity will not be within scope - and may become irrelevant over a period of time.

The plan must mention the rationale of data being collected as well as the final utilization.

2.  Define operational definitions: The team must clearly define what and how data has to be collected. An operational definition of scope, time interval and the number of observations required is very important.

If it mentions the methodology to be used, it can act a very important guideline to all data collection team members.

An understanding of all applicable information can help ensure that there no misleading data is collected, which may be loosely interpreted leading to a disastrous outcome.

3.  Repeatability, stability and accuracy of data: The repeatability of the data being collected is very important.

This means that when the same operator undertakes that same activity on a later date, it should produce the same output. Additionally, it is reproducible if all operators reach the same outcome.

Measurement systems should be accurate and stable, such that outcomes are the same with similar equipment over a period of time.

The team may carry out testing to ensure that there is no reduction in these factors.

Collection Activity

After planning and defining goals, the actual data collection process starts according to plan. Going by the plan ensures that teams achieve expected results consistently and accurately.

Training can be undertaken so as to ensure that all data collection agents have a common understanding of data being collected. Black Belts or team leaders can look over the process initially to provide any support needed.

For data collection over a longer period, teams need to ensure regular oversight to ensure that no collection activities are overlooked.

Post collection activities

Once collection activities are completed, the accuracy and reliability of the data has to be reviewed.

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